Poltical participation

The goals of this thesis is analyzing the affect of social factors in reduction participation among people of Ardebil, Nir and Namin region in 7th parliament periodical election. In this research, our process was started by an idea, which was formulated by a trigger question. This question was, which social factors affect on reduction of participation among people of Ardebil, Nir and Namin region in 7th periodical election of Islamic Republic of Iran parliament? After designing questions and goals of the research, we choice theoretical base of Lipset and Dahl according to our subjected questions and purposed goals. To generate hypotheses, we are using their theoretical models. These hypotheses were aimed to test the relationship between individual factors (political knowledge, sense power, awareness of electoral result and…) and social factors (satisfying situation of society, attention to people’s wants and…) with participation. For analyzing these hypotheses, we use quota and random sampling. Sample size was 760 person (380 persons registered voters and 380 persons who were not participated in election) from Ardebil, Nir and Namin region. We design a questionnaire to test this analytical pattern on sample. In designing questionnaire, we use Dahl and Lipset developed scales. Then, we test the validity and reliability of instrument. The Cronbach Alpha value, which is shows the inner reliability and stability of items within scales is, estimated about 79 percent. The alpha level shows that, the questionnaire has enough reliability. The designed questionnaire was filled on studying population and data were collected. Data were analyzed by using statistical methods of chi-square, t-test and logistic regression. The result of chi-square analysis shows that, independent variables: “political knowledge, believe in candidates and age” have middle affects and the rest of variables had high significant level of affect on reduction of participation, but “sex and job” has no significant affects. On the other hand, the multi-relationship between factors causing reduction of participation in election was analyzed with logistic regression model, too. The finalized tested pattern shows that, within total 13 factors, 8 factors: “doing what the people wants, awareness of electoral result, effective less of vote, age, communication, satisfying parliament actions and marital status” sequence have affect on reduction of participation in election. Others, in order to have low Wald and beta coefficient stay out of regression equation. In this pattern “people’s wants” (political, economical, social and cultural wants) has greatest weight.

What is the role of policymakers in government?

I am believe that we must increase graduates among social policymakers in government body to solve the misunderstandings between who are academically study society and who are governed it.
If we could do this; I think, we could earn many things to our people:
• Development of country:
• Econamical development
• Social development
• Political development
• Stability of democracy,
• Freedom of association,
• The right of citizens:
• To access independent sources of information
• To advocate responsibly on important issues,
• To participate in local and national governance processes,
• To participate as candidates and supporters in transparently organized, free, fair and competitive democratic election;
• Return of our countries dignity,Our scholars in government body must be equipped with this academic knowledge.

As increasing numbers of people seek collegiate education, the country needs to ensure them not simply access to college, but an education of real and lasting value. The unprecedented expansion of college enrollments creates an extraordinary opportunity to prepare the informed citizens and competent employees needed for the new knowledge-based society. .... Each individual dropped by the wayside represents a loss—personal, economic, social, and intellectual. When many are dropped, the nation itself is impoverished. Universal readiness for and success in obtaining a college education of high quality are democratic values, moral imperatives, and economic necessities. The country deserves no less.

Analyzing the affect of social factors in reduction participation among people of Ardebil, Nir and Namin region in 7th parliament periodical election

In this research, our process was started by an idea, which was formulated by a trigger question. This question was, which social factors affect on reduction of participation among people of Ardebil, Nir and Namin region in 7th periodical election of Islamic Republic of Iran parliament? After designing questions and goals of the research, we choice theoretical base of Lipset and Dahl according to our subjected questions and purposed goals. To generate hypotheses, we are using their theoretical models. These hypotheses were aimed to test the relationship between individual factors (political knowledge, sense power, awareness of electoral result and…) and social factors (satisfying situation of society, attention to people’s wants and…) with participation. For analyzing these hypotheses, we use quota and random sampling. Sample size was 760 person (380 persons registered voters and 380 persons who were not participated in election) from Ardebil, Nir and Namin region. We design a questionnaire to test this analytical pattern on sample. In designing questionnaire, we use Dahl and Lipset developed scales. Then, we test the validity and reliability of instrument. The Cronbach Alpha value, which is shows the inner reliability and stability of items within scales is, estimated about 79 percent. The alpha level shows that, the questionnaire has enough reliability. The designed questionnaire was filled on studying population and data were collected. Data were analyzed by using statistical methods of chi-square, t-test and logistic regression. The result of chi-square analysis shows that, independent variables: “political knowledge, believe in candidates and age” have middle affects and the rest of variables had high significant level of affect on reduction of participation, but “sex and job” has no significant affects. On the other hand, the multi-relationship between factors causing reduction of participation in election was analyzed with logistic regression model, too. The finalized tested pattern shows that, within total 13 factors, 8 factors: “doing what the people wants, awareness of electoral result, effective less of vote, age, communication, satisfying parliament actions and marital status” sequence have affect on reduction of participation in election. Others, in order to have low Wald and beta coefficient stay out of regression equation. In this pattern “people’s wants” (political, economical, social and cultural wants) has greatest weight.

WHAT OBSTACLES COUNTRIES MAY ENCOUNTRED IN STABLIZING DEMOCRAY

"In Dahl's analysis, leaders are obliged to pay attention and respond to the varied voices and needs of the people, expressed not only through representative institutions, but through all the other peaceful ways—petitions, demonstrations, lobbying, advocating, etc.—available in a free and liberalSociety. "
Now the questions are as follow:
What is the people's role if leaders were not paid attention? Where we have not real Freedom of the Press to give our people consciousness!? Where we have not real economic freedom because our leaders dose not believe in political pluralism; human rights; and freedom of association, religion, and speech!? Where we have not real Freedom of Conscience because some little part of our society has especial benefit in bound religious! Where our Citizen in some part of countries did not know their rights as citizen and yet we have not Good Democratic Government! And, at last, we have not Access to Justice and it needs to be reformed!
As peoples and intellectuals are struggle to reach these goals in inside the countries; and they are trying to overcome these obstacles, on the other hand, we have seen many other problems in outside that made by others! I think, the ways the outsiders chosen are somehow is not proper too. In some cases, they see only their own benefits.